Justia Georgia Supreme Court Opinion Summaries

Tabitha Wood was convicted of malice murder and other crimes after killing her fiancé, Leroy Kramer. Wood claimed self-defense, citing a history of Kramer’s violence towards her and presented expert testimony that she suffered from battered person syndrome. Kramer’s body was found in their shared home two months after his death, and Wood was indicted on multiple charges, including malice murder and concealing the death of another. The jury found her guilty on all counts, and she was sentenced to life in prison for malice murder, with additional sentences for other charges.Wood appealed, arguing that the trial court erred by not allowing her to introduce testimony about Kramer’s violence towards other women under OCGA § 24-4-405 (b) and that this exclusion violated her constitutional right to a complete defense. The trial court had ruled that Wood could testify about her knowledge of Kramer’s violent acts to show her state of mind but could not introduce extrinsic evidence of specific acts through other witnesses. Wood’s motion for a new trial was denied, and she appealed to the Supreme Court of Georgia.The Supreme Court of Georgia held that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by excluding the testimony about Kramer’s prior acts of violence under Rule 405 (b), as a victim’s violent character is not an essential element of self-defense. The court also found no plain error in the trial court’s application of the evidentiary rules, concluding that Wood’s constitutional rights were not violated. The court affirmed Wood’s convictions. View "Wood v. State" on Justia Law

In December 2017, Roger Tashawn Mills was involved in the shooting death of Masuto Garrett. Mills and his co-defendant, Mosas Bolar, were indicted on multiple charges, including malice murder and felony murder. Mills was initially convicted on all counts, but his convictions were reversed on appeal due to the improper removal of a juror. Mills was retried and found guilty of felony murder and other related charges. He was sentenced to life without parole plus an additional five years for firearm possession.During the retrial, the jury found Mills guilty of several charges, including felony murder and aggravated assault, but acquitted him on others. Mills filed a motion for a new trial, which was denied, leading to the current appeal. Mills argued that the evidence was insufficient to disprove his justification defense and that the trial court erred in admitting other-acts evidence.The Supreme Court of Georgia reviewed the case and held that the evidence was sufficient to support Mills' convictions. The court found that the jury was entitled to reject Mills' justification defense based on the evidence presented, including witness testimony and forensic analysis. The court also held that the trial court did not commit plain error in admitting other-acts evidence, as it was relevant to show Mills' motive and gang affiliation, and its probative value was not substantially outweighed by undue prejudice.The Supreme Court of Georgia affirmed Mills' convictions, concluding that the State had met its burden of disproving Mills' justification defense beyond a reasonable doubt and that the trial court did not err in its evidentiary rulings. View "Mills v. State" on Justia Law

Plaintiffs Lonnie Hollis and Mason’s World Bar & Grill, LLC, filed a putative class action against the City of LaGrange, alleging that the City imposed excessive mandatory charges for utilities services, which they argued constituted an unauthorized tax under the Georgia Constitution. The plaintiffs claimed that the charges generated profits exceeding the actual cost of providing the services and were used to raise general revenues for the City, effectively making them illegal taxes. They sought a refund of these alleged illegal taxes, a declaration that the charges were illegal, and an injunction to prevent the City from continuing to impose such charges.The trial court granted the City’s motion for judgment on the pleadings, ruling that the Georgia Constitution prohibited the court from regulating the utilities charges. The court concluded that because the Georgia Constitution prevents the General Assembly from regulating or fixing charges of public utilities owned or operated by municipalities, the court similarly lacked the authority to review the plaintiffs’ claims.The Supreme Court of Georgia reviewed the case and concluded that the trial court erred in its interpretation. The Supreme Court held that the constitutional provision in question, which restricts the General Assembly from regulating or fixing municipal utility charges, does not apply to the judicial branch. The plaintiffs’ claims required the court to exercise its judicial authority to determine whether the charges constituted illegal taxes, not to regulate or fix the charges. Therefore, the trial court’s ruling was vacated, and the case was remanded for further proceedings consistent with the Supreme Court’s opinion. The Supreme Court emphasized that the trial court must address the City’s motion for judgment on the pleadings without misinterpreting the constitutional limitations on its authority. View "Hollis v. City of LaGrange" on Justia Law

DeRon Edrias Gude was convicted of felony murder and other charges related to the shooting death of Nyyokokie Hendley. On October 11, 2016, Gude called 911 to report a shooting at his home, claiming it was an accident during a fight. Police found Hendley dead from a gunshot wound to the head, with a 9-millimeter handgun near her feet and marijuana in an unlocked safe. Gude was indicted on multiple charges, including malice murder and felony murder. At trial, Gude testified that Hendley had threatened him and pointed a gun at him, leading him to shoot her in self-defense. The jury found Gude guilty of felony murder predicated on aggravated assault and other charges.The DeKalb County Superior Court granted Gude’s motion for a directed verdict of acquittal on the marijuana charge, and the jury found him not guilty of malice murder but guilty on the remaining counts. Gude was sentenced to life in prison for felony murder predicated on aggravated assault, plus five years for possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony. Gude’s motion for a new trial was denied by the trial court.The Supreme Court of Georgia reviewed the case and addressed Gude’s claims of plain error in the jury charge on aggravated assault and ineffective assistance of counsel. The court assumed, without deciding, that the trial court committed an obvious error in the jury instruction but found that Gude failed to show the error likely affected the trial's outcome. The court noted that the jury was properly instructed on the burden of proof and provided with a copy of the indictment. Additionally, Gude’s defense was self-defense, and the jury’s verdict indicated they found he intended to shoot Hendley. Consequently, the court affirmed the trial court’s judgment, concluding that Gude did not demonstrate plain error or ineffective assistance of counsel. View "GUDE v. THE STATE" on Justia Law

Joseph Donnell Starks was convicted of felony murder and other crimes following a vehicular collision that resulted in the death of Kristin Dyer and serious injury to Joshua Cash. The incident occurred on December 14, 2016, and Starks was indicted on multiple charges, including felony murder, homicide by vehicle, serious injury by vehicle, and driving under the influence. During the trial, the court directed a verdict for Starks on one count, and the jury found him guilty on the remaining counts. Starks was sentenced to life in prison for felony murder and received concurrent sentences for other charges.Starks filed a motion for a new trial, which was denied by the trial court. His subsequent appeals were dismissed as untimely. However, a habeas court later granted his petition to pursue a direct appeal. Starks argued that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to present medical evidence that could support a defense theory that he was unconscious due to a medical condition rather than intoxication.The Supreme Court of Georgia reviewed the case and found that Starks's trial counsel made a strategic decision to focus on evidence of intoxication rather than a medical condition, which was not objectively unreasonable. The court held that Starks failed to show that his counsel's performance was deficient or that it prejudiced his defense. Therefore, his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel was rejected.The State raised two sentencing issues on appeal, arguing that the trial court improperly merged the homicide by vehicle convictions and that sentences for other offenses should not have been served concurrently with the felony murder sentence. The Supreme Court of Georgia found that the trial court properly merged the homicide by vehicle convictions under the rule that only one conviction and sentence may be imposed for the killing of a single victim. Additionally, the court held that the trial court had discretion to run sentences concurrently with the felony murder sentence. The judgment was affirmed. View "STARKS v. THE STATE" on Justia Law

William C. Pounds III was convicted of malice murder and other crimes related to the shooting death of Kendra Jackson. The incident occurred on June 12, 2015, and Pounds was indicted later that year. During the trial, evidence showed that Pounds had a tumultuous relationship with Jackson and was also engaged to another woman, Vicinda Crawford. On the day of the incident, Pounds called 9-1-1, claiming Jackson had committed suicide. However, conflicting accounts from Pounds and expert testimony suggested otherwise, leading to his conviction.Initially, the trial court sentenced Pounds to life in prison without parole for malice murder, merging the aggravated assault count and vacating the felony murder count by law. Pounds filed an untimely motion for a new trial, which was denied. The trial court later granted an out-of-time appeal, but the appeal was dismissed because the motion for a new trial was still pending. After further proceedings, the trial court denied the motion for a new trial on the merits, allowing the appeal to proceed.The Supreme Court of Georgia reviewed the case and affirmed the conviction. The court found that the evidence presented at trial was sufficient to support the conviction for malice murder. The court also addressed several claims by Pounds, including alleged evidentiary errors and ineffective assistance of counsel. The court concluded that any errors in admitting certain testimonies were harmless and did not affect the verdict. Additionally, the court found that Pounds's trial counsel did not perform deficiently by not objecting to a juror who knew Jackson's stepmother, as the juror affirmed her ability to remain impartial.Ultimately, the Supreme Court of Georgia affirmed the trial court's judgment, finding no reversible error in the proceedings. View "POUNDS v. THE STATE" on Justia Law

The Georgia Association of Club Executives (GACE), representing adult entertainment clubs, challenged the constitutionality of a 1% tax on gross revenue imposed on adult entertainment establishments that offer nude dancing and serve alcohol. The tax was intended to fund the Safe Harbor for Sexually Exploited Children Fund, aimed at helping child victims of sexual exploitation. GACE argued that the tax was a content-based regulation of speech, failing both strict and intermediate scrutiny, and that the definition of "adult entertainment establishments" was overbroad.The trial court upheld the tax, applying intermediate scrutiny and finding that the tax was content-neutral, aimed at addressing the secondary effects of adult entertainment establishments, such as prostitution and child exploitation. The court concluded that the tax furthered an important governmental interest and was narrowly tailored to achieve that interest without unnecessarily burdening protected expression. GACE appealed the decision.The Supreme Court of Georgia affirmed the trial court's decision. The court held that the tax was content-neutral and satisfied intermediate scrutiny. It found that the tax was aimed at addressing the negative secondary effects associated with adult entertainment establishments, rather than suppressing the content of the expression. The court also concluded that the tax was narrowly tailored to serve the government's interest in combating child exploitation and that the burden on speech was minimal. Additionally, the court rejected GACE's overbreadth challenge, finding that the definition of "adult entertainment establishments" was not substantially overbroad relative to the statute's legitimate sweep. View "Georgia Association of Club Executives, Inc. v. State" on Justia Law

Bryan Miller was convicted by a jury of the malice murder of his wife, Gracie Miller, and the aggravated assault of her niece, Shamone Morris, after shooting them multiple times. The crimes occurred on May 18, 2021, and Miller was indicted on several counts, including malice murder and aggravated assault. He was sentenced to life without parole for the malice murder and an additional 30 years for other charges. Miller filed a motion for a new trial, which was denied by the trial court.Miller appealed to the Supreme Court of Georgia, arguing that the trial court abused its discretion by admitting evidence of two prior incidents involving his wife under OCGA § 24-4-404 (b). He claimed that the evidence was irrelevant due to his self-defense claim, that a plea of nolo contendere was insufficient to prove his involvement in one incident, and that the court failed to rule on the admissibility of the other acts concerning the assault on Morris.The Supreme Court of Georgia affirmed the trial court's decision. The court found that the prior incidents were relevant to show motive and the nature of the relationship between Miller and Gracie, which was pertinent to countering Miller's self-defense claim. The court also determined that the probative value of the evidence was not substantially outweighed by its prejudicial effect. Additionally, the court held that there was sufficient proof for a jury to find by a preponderance of the evidence that Miller committed the prior acts. The court also concluded that any error in admitting the evidence concerning the assault on Morris did not affect Miller's substantial rights, given the strong evidence against him and the limiting instructions provided to the jury. View "Miller v. State" on Justia Law

Appellant A. Thomas Jones challenged the City of Atlanta's imposition of charges through two ordinances, arguing that these charges, levied on the Department of Watershed Management (DWM) customers, are unlawful taxes. The ordinances in question impose a franchise fee on DWM's gross revenue and a payment in lieu of taxes (PILOT) on DWM's real property, with the collected sums deposited into the City's General Fund. Jones contended that these charges exceed the costs they purportedly cover and are instead used to generate general revenue, violating various constitutional and statutory provisions.The trial court initially dismissed Jones's suit on procedural grounds, but the Court of Appeals reversed this decision in part. Upon remand, the City moved for judgment on the pleadings, and Jones filed motions for partial summary judgment. The trial court granted the City's motion and denied Jones's motions, leading to this appeal. Jones argued that the trial court erred in its application of the standard of review and in its conclusions regarding the nature of the charges.The Supreme Court of Georgia reviewed the case and found that the trial court erred in granting the City's motion for judgment on the pleadings. The Supreme Court held that the trial court failed to treat Jones's allegations as true, particularly his claims that he paid the disputed charges, that the revenue generated from these charges grossly exceeded the associated costs, and that these costs were covered by other transfers from DWM to the City's General Fund. Consequently, the Supreme Court vacated the trial court's judgment on the pleadings and remanded the case for further proceedings.However, the Supreme Court affirmed the trial court's denial of Jones's motions for partial summary judgment. The Court concluded that Jones failed to demonstrate the absence of genuine disputes of material fact regarding whether the charges were taxes or fees and whether the revenue generated exceeded the associated costs. The case was remanded for reconsideration of Jones's claims under the proper standard of review. View "Jones v. City of Atlanta" on Justia Law

The appellants, including Congresswoman Nikema Williams, were arrested and charged under OCGA § 16-11-34.1 for allegedly disrupting official business of the Georgia General Assembly. They sought declaratory and injunctive relief, arguing that the statute is overbroad and vague, violating free speech protections under the Georgia Constitution. The appellants limited their challenges to subsections (a), (f), and (g) of the statute, which criminalize acts likely to disrupt legislative sessions or meetings, entering certain areas with intent to disrupt, and parading or demonstrating with intent to disrupt.The trial court dismissed the appellants' facial challenges and one appellant's as-applied challenge, and denied their motion for a permanent injunction. The court found the statute not facially overbroad or vague and ruled that the allegations did not support the as-applied challenge.The Supreme Court of Georgia reviewed the case and affirmed the trial court's decision. The court held that OCGA § 16-11-34.1 is not facially overbroad or vague. It distinguished this case from State v. Fielden, noting that the statute in question is more narrowly tailored to legislative contexts and does not substantially infringe on protected speech. The court also found that the statute provides sufficient clarity to avoid arbitrary enforcement.Regarding the as-applied challenge by State Representative Park Cannon, the court concluded that her conduct, as alleged, did not fall under the prohibited acts of the statute. Therefore, her as-applied challenge failed. The Supreme Court of Georgia affirmed the trial court's dismissal of the facial and as-applied challenges and the denial of the motion for a permanent injunction. View "Williams v. Powell" on Justia Law